yum管理工具（一）
2022-04-25 22:57:37

yum install -y nginx

# 使用阿里云的yun源
http://mirrors.aliyun.com

# 系統(tǒng)中需要的基礎(chǔ)yum源
base源：和鏡像中的linux基礎(chǔ)rpm包差不多
epel源：一些擴展安裝包

# yum源存的配置文件存放目錄
[root@zxw <sub>]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  616 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo

# 1.刪除所有官方y(tǒng)um源
[root@zxw </sub>]# rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@zxw <sub>]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 0
# 2.安全方式，不使用yum源
[root@zxw </sub>]# gzip -r /etc/yum.repos.d/

# 3.下載base源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@zxw <sub>]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Apr 23 15:43 CentOS-Base.repo

# 下載epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@zxw </sub>]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Apr 23 15:43 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  664 Apr 23 15:54 epel.repo

## 注意：在/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄下所有的yum源配置，必須以.repo結(jié)尾


舉例
# 安裝nginx服務(wù)，使用nginx官方y(tǒng)um源
# 1.打開官網(wǎng) http://nginx.org/
# 2.找nginx的倉庫
# 3.vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' 
 ? ? ? ? -e 
's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' 
 ? ? ? ? -i.bak 
 ? ? ? ? /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
 ? ? ? ? 
[root@zxw ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Apr 23 15:43 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  664 Apr 23 15:54 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  614 Apr 23 16:06 nginx.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

# 1.查詢倉庫中所有的rpm包
yum list
可以配合|grep過濾出想要的rpm包
# 2.查看倉庫中所有安裝包的詳細(xì)信息
yum info
yum info tree
# 3.根據(jù)命令或文件查找該命令屬于哪個rpm包
yum provides 命令
注意：盡量接命令的絕對路徑，不知道命令的絕對路徑的情況下，*/命令

# 查看yum倉庫中的所有可以安裝的rpm包
[root@zxw <sub>]# yum list

# 過濾看看yum倉庫中是否有wget包
[root@zxw </sub>]# yum list|grep wget
wget.x86_64                              1.14-18.el7_6.1               base     
包名                                      版本和發(fā)布次數(shù)                 這個包在那個倉庫中

# 查看指定包的詳細(xì)信息
[root@zxw <sub>]# yum info wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
Name        : wget
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.14
Release     : 18.el7_6.1
Size        : 547 k
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
URL         : http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
License     : GPLv3+
Description : GNU Wget is a file retrieval utility which can use either the HTTP or
            : FTP protocols. Wget features include the ability to work in the
            : background while you are logged out, recursive retrieval of
            : directories, file name wildcard matching, remote file timestamp
            : storage and comparison, use of Rest with FTP servers and Range with
            : HTTP servers to retrieve files over slow or unstable connections,
            : support for Proxy servers, and configurability.

# 產(chǎn)看yum倉庫中，所有安裝包的詳細(xì)信息
yum info

# 根據(jù)命令查找包
[root@zxw </sub>]# yum provides ifconfig（那個命令安裝了才可以這樣寫）
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
No matches found（# 因為沒有安裝，所以它找不到）

# 該命令率屬于的包名
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
# 該命令率屬于的倉庫
Repo        : base
Matched from:
# 裝完后，命令會在/usr/sdin下叫ifconfig
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig

# 根據(jù)命令查找屬于那個安裝包，最好寫命令的絕對路徑
[root@zxw ~]# yum provides */ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig

# 1.報錯
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-srpm-macros-3-
34.el7.noarch.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; 
Unknown error"
(# 原因：是aliyun的Base源中有另外兩個 baseurl= 那兩個網(wǎng)址不是咱們使用的，可以刪除 )

# 2.報錯
[root@zxw ~]# yum install -y tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 37209.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
 The other application is: yum
 ? Memory : ?24 M RSS (769 MB VSZ)
 ? Started: Thu Apr 21 21:33:34 2022 - 00:06 ago
 ? State : Sleeping, pid: 37209
(# 原因：后臺已經(jīng)有yum進(jìn)程在安裝服務(wù)，要么就等安裝結(jié)束，要么 kill PID )

# 3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)波動
多執(zhí)行幾次

# 4.環(huán)境變量損壞
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

$releasever ： 7
$basearch ? ： x86_64