一:背景
1. 講故事
上個月有位朋友wx找到我,說他的程序存在內(nèi)存泄漏問題,尋求如何解決? 如下圖所示:
從截圖中可以看出,這位朋友對 windbg 的操作還是有些熟悉的,可能缺乏一定的實(shí)操經(jīng)驗(yàn),所以用了幾個命令之后就不知道怎么排查下去了。
既然找到我,那就以我的個人經(jīng)驗(yàn)在他的dump上繼續(xù)分析尋找罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝e話不多說,上windbg說話。
二:Windbg 分析
1. 真的存在內(nèi)存泄漏嗎?
追這個系列的朋友應(yīng)該知道,我無數(shù)次的用 ??!address -summary?
? 和 ??!eeheap -gc?
? 這兩個命令來判斷當(dāng)前的內(nèi)存泄漏是屬于托管層還是非托管層。
0:000> !address -summary
--- Usage Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
Free 358 7dfc`67f60000 ( 125.986 TB) 98.43%
<unknown> 1087 203`88b6e000 ( 2.014 TB) 99.99% 1.57%
Image 1532 0`09f11000 ( 159.066 MB) 0.01% 0.00%
Heap 249 0`03453000 ( 52.324 MB) 0.00% 0.00%
Stack 66 0`01fc0000 ( 31.750 MB) 0.00% 0.00%
Other 10 0`001d1000 ( 1.816 MB) 0.00% 0.00%
TEB 22 0`0002c000 ( 176.000 kB) 0.00% 0.00%
PEB 1 0`00001000 ( 4.000 kB) 0.00% 0.00%
--- Type Summary (for busy) ------ RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
MEM_MAPPED 183 200`00d06000 ( 2.000 TB) 99.30% 1.56%
MEM_PRIVATE 1252 3`8d479000 ( 14.207 GB) 0.69% 0.01%
MEM_IMAGE 1532 0`09f11000 ( 159.066 MB) 0.01% 0.00%
--- State Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
MEM_FREE 358 7dfc`67f60000 ( 125.986 TB) 98.43%
MEM_RESERVE 749 200`28a9b000 ( 2.001 TB) 99.33% 1.56%
MEM_COMMIT 2218 3`6f5f5000 ( 13.740 GB) 0.67% 0.01%
0:000> !eeheap -gc
Number of GC Heaps: 1
generation 0 starts at 0x00000026DA8DA928
generation 1 starts at 0x00000026DA7FC348
generation 2 starts at 0x00000024C4691000
ephemeral segment allocation context: none
segment begin allocated size
00000024C4690000 00000024C4691000 00000024D468FF28 0xfffef28(268431144)
00000024EECF0000 00000024EECF1000 00000024FECF0000 0xffff000(268431360)
000000248D6F0000 000000248D6F1000 000000249D6EFEF8 0xfffeef8(268431096)
...
00000026D66D0000 00000026D66D1000 00000026DBA3CA30 0x536ba30(87472688)
Large object heap starts at 0x00000024D4691000
segment begin allocated size
00000024D4690000 00000024D4691000 00000024DC67C318 0x7feb318(134132504)
00000024E60F0000 00000024E60F1000 00000024EE0637C8 0x7f727c8(133638088)
0000002482140000 0000002482141000 000000248A08F338 0x7f4e338(133489464)
00000024A6770000 00000024A6771000 00000024AE76F6C0 0x7ffe6c0(134211264)
...
000000278E6D0000 000000278E6D1000 000000279635F2D0 0x7c8e2d0(130605776)
00000029233E0000 00000029233E1000 000000292AF672F8 0x7b862f8(129524472)
000000292B3E0000 000000292B3E1000 0000002931A5ED60 0x667dd60(107470176)
000000299B3E0000 000000299B3E1000 00000029A20095B0 0x6c285b0(113411504)
000000281E6D0000 000000281E6D1000 0000002825CD3F58 0x7602f58(123744088)
00000028266D0000 00000028266D1000 000000282D5CAD50 0x6ef9d50(116366672)
000000282E6D0000 000000282E6D1000 0000002833CA0880 0x55cf880(89979008)
00000029A33E0000 00000029A33E1000 00000029A684D300 0x346c300(54969088)
Total Size: Size: 0x353f96d88 (14293757320) bytes.
------------------------------
GC Heap Size: Size: 0x353f96d88 (14293757320) bytes.
從輸出看,當(dāng)前進(jìn)程占用 ??MEM_COMMIT=13.7G?
?,托管堆內(nèi)存占用 ??14293757320 = 13.3G?
?,很明顯這屬于簡單模式的 ??托管內(nèi)存泄漏?
?,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),托管堆上可能有什么大對象,這里用 ??!dumpheap -stat?
? 命令。
0:000> !dumpheap -stat
Statistics:
MT Count TotalSize Class Name
00007ff9ed6ea268 3956842 94964208 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2+KeyCollection[[System.String, System.Private.CoreLib],[Serilog.Events.LogEventPropertyValue, Serilog]]
00007ff9ed5e6d28 3842435 166405016 Serilog.Parsing.MessageTemplateToken[]
00007ff9ed5e5e28 3842434 184436832 Serilog.Events.MessageTemplate
00007ff9ecccf090 4011012 203304420 System.Int32[]
00007ff9ed647078 3956849 253238336 Serilog.Events.LogEvent
00007ff9ed6e7b48 3956849 284893128 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, System.Private.CoreLib],[Serilog.Events.LogEventPropertyValue, Serilog]]
00007ff9ed5e74e8 9259598 296307136 Serilog.Parsing.TextToken
00007ff9ed6471b0 12551808 301243392 Serilog.Events.ScalarValue
00007ff9ed6e8308 3956849 729078048 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2+Entry[[System.String, System.Private.CoreLib],[Serilog.Events.LogEventPropertyValue, Serilog]][]
00007ff9eccb1e18 16546412 3987811940 System.String
00000024c3b8faf0 82904 7382993568 Free
我去,托管堆最大的對象居然是 ??Free?
?,大概占用 ??7.3G?
?, 這就????????了,不按套路出牌哈,為了更好的理解,先來簡要解釋下 ??free?
? 對象。
2. 簡單解釋 free
其實(shí)簡而言之,free對象是被gc標(biāo)記成已回收的空閑塊但并未提交給操作系統(tǒng)釋放的對象,那怎么去證明呢? 可以先到托管堆上找一個free塊。
0:000> !dumpheap -type Free
Address MT Size
00000024c4691000 00000024c3b8faf0 24 Free
00000024c46a2448 00000024c3b8faf0 24 Free
00000024c46b26d8 00000024c3b8faf0 40 Free
00000024c47e4418 00000024c3b8faf0 40 Free
00000024c4925680 00000024c3b8faf0 40 Free
00000024c49284a8 00000024c3b8faf0 64 Free
00000024c4947a90 00000024c3b8faf0 192 Free
00000024c4951f70 00000024c3b8faf0 48 Free
000000249d6ea3a8 00000024c3b8faf0 640 Free
- 用 !do 命令查看是否標(biāo)記為free塊
0:000> !do 000000249d6ea3a8
Free Object
Size: 640(0x280) bytes
- 用 dc 看一下這個 free 塊的內(nèi)容,是否有g(shù)c回收的痕跡。
0:000> dc 000000249d6ea3a8 000000249d6ea3a8+0x280
00000024`9d6ea3a8 c3b8faf0 00000024 00000268 00000000 ....$...h.......
00000024`9d6ea3b8 9d6ea6d0 00000024 00000000 00000000 ..n.$...........
00000024`9d6ea3c8 ed3ae2b8 00007ff9 9d6ea3a8 00000024 ..:.......n.$...
00000024`9d6ea3d8 00000000 00000000 edcc9118 00007ff9 ................
00000024`9d6ea3e8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
00000024`9d6ea3f8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
00000024`9d6ea408 eeb07a50 00007ff9 9d6ea3c8 00000024 Pz........n.$...
00000024`9d6ea418 00000000 00000000 ef292ee8 00007ff9 ..........).....
00000024`9d6ea428 9d6ea408 00000024 00000000 00000000 ..n.$...........
...
00000024`9d6ea4a8 eeb0a158 00007ff9 9d6ea420 00000024 X....... .n.$...
00000024`9d6ea4b8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
00000024`9d6ea4c8 ef293818 00007ff9 9d6ea4a8 00000024 .8).......n.$...
00000024`9d6ea4d8 00000000 00000000 ee8357e0 00007ff9 .........W......
...
00000024`9d6ea508 eed37b40 00007ff9 00000000 00000000 @{..............
00000024`9d6ea518 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
00000024`9d6ea528 c4699b48 00000024 00000000 00000000 H.i.$...........
00000024`9d6ea538 00000000 07000440 00000001 00000000 ....@...........
00000024`9d6ea548 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
00000024`9d6ea558 00000000 00000000 ef2af6e0 00007ff9 ..........*.....
00000024`9d6ea568 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................
00000024`9d6ea578 00000000 00000000 c4699b48 00000024 ........H.i.$...
00000024`9d6ea588 00000000 00000000 00000000 07000400 ................
...
00000024`9d6ea628 ef2afd08 ..*.
可以看到,這個free塊生前是有一些殘留的內(nèi)容字符,好了,對 free 塊有基本了解后,接下來我們繼續(xù)探究下。
3. 到底是什么阻止了free塊的合并?
按照正常邏輯,大多free塊會在gc回收完之后合并內(nèi)存時,那些被清空后的segment會被操作系統(tǒng)釋放的,但這個dump并沒有,也就說明這里有什么東西阻止了free塊的合并,那到底是什么呢? 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的朋友會說,可以觀察下 gc 的句柄表,命令為 ??!gchandles -stat?
? 。
0:000> !gchandles -stat
Statistics:
MT Count TotalSize Class Name
...
00007ff9ed15c0f0 1008 72576 System.Reflection.Emit.DynamicResolver
00007ff9ecbf6618 38 409344 System.Object[]
Total 1784 objects
Handles:
Strong Handles: 233
Pinned Handles: 16
Async Pinned Handles: 18
Ref Count Handles: 1
Weak Long Handles: 1327
Weak Short Handles: 144
Dependent Handles: 45
從輸出看,這里并沒有什么可疑的地方,那怎么辦呢? 實(shí)操經(jīng)驗(yàn)多的話,這里還是有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得分享的,比如觀察 free 在 heap 上的布局特征,往往就有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
4. 查看 free 塊的布局特征
為了簡化輸出結(jié)果,我把范圍限定到 heap 上某一個 segment 上,比如這里的: ??00000029233E0000 000000292AF672F8?
?,所以命令就是 ??!dumpheap 00000029233E0000 000000292AF672F8 ?
?
0:000> !dumpheap 00000029233E0000 000000292AF672F8
Address MT Size
00000029233e1000 00000024c3b8faf0 8291896 Free
0000002923bc9638 00007ff9eccb1e18 108448
0000002923be3dd8 00000024c3b8faf0 29931248 Free
000000292586f4c8 00007ff9eccb1e18 301328
00000029258b8dd8 00000024c3b8faf0 41384784 Free
0000002928030928 00007ff9eccb1e18 301328
000000292807a238 00000024c3b8faf0 2542664 Free
00000029282e6e80 00007ff9eccb1e18 108448
0000002928301620 00000024c3b8faf0 29915032 Free
0000002929f88db8 00007ff9eccb1e18 301328
0000002929fd26c8 00000024c3b8faf0 2746688 Free
000000292a271008 00007ff9eccb1e18 291304
000000292a2b81f0 00000024c3b8faf0 1019600 Free
000000292a3b10c0 00007ff9eccb1e18 108448
000000292a3cb860 00000024c3b8faf0 10601048 Free
000000292ade7ab8 00007ff9eccb1e18 301328
000000292ae313c8 00000024c3b8faf0 280808 Free
000000292ae75cb0 00007ff9eccb1e18 280854
000000292aeba5c8 00000024c3b8faf0 416584 Free
000000292af20110 00007ff9eccb1e18 291304
Statistics:
MT Count TotalSize Class Name
00007ff9eccb1e18 10 2394118 System.String
00000024c3b8faf0 10 127130352 Free
Total 20 objects
真是一看嚇一跳,free 和 object 呈交替狀,這就是為什么free塊不能被合并的真正原因,說實(shí)話這種教科書式的 ??內(nèi)存碎片化?
? dump,真是可遇不可求,接下來就抽幾個 free 之間的 object 對象,看看到底是被什么引用著導(dǎo)致gc回收不掉。
5. 尋找 object 的引用鏈
要想查看 object 到底被誰引用著,可以用 ??!gcroot?
? 命令,這里我抽二個看看。
0:000> !gcroot 0000002923bc9638
Thread 1878:
00000024C39BE4B0 00007FFA4C0B3522 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.SpinThenBlockingWait(Int32, System.Threading.CancellationToken) [/_/src/System.Private.CoreLib/shared/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2922]
rbp+10: 00000024c39be520
-> 00000024C48AD6E0 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Threading.Tasks.VoidTaskResult, System.Private.CoreLib],[Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions+<RunAsync>d__4, Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions]]
-> 00000024C48AD200 Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Internal.Host
-> 00000024C48AC538 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Logger`1[[Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Internal.Host, Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting]]
-> 00000024C48AC658 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Logger
-> 00000024C48AC680 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LoggerInformation[]
-> 00000024C48AC6E0 Serilog.Extensions.Logging.SerilogLogger
-> 00000024C48AC808 Serilog.Core.Logger
-> 00000024C48AC760 Serilog.Core.Logger
-> 00000024C47AD468 Serilog.Core.Logger
-> 00000024C47ABF08 Serilog.Core.Sinks.SafeAggregateSink
-> 00000024C47ABF20 Serilog.Core.ILogEventSink[]
-> 00000024C479C548 Serilog.Sinks.Grafana.Loki.LokiSink
-> 00000024C479C778 Serilog.Sinks.Grafana.Loki.Infrastructure.BoundedQueue`1[[Serilog.Events.LogEvent, Serilog]]
-> 00000024C479C7B8 System.Collections.Generic.Queue`1[[Serilog.Events.LogEvent, Serilog]]
-> 00000026E8C1A800 Serilog.Events.LogEvent[]
-> 00000026148D3308 Serilog.Events.LogEvent
-> 00000026148D4EF0 Serilog.Events.MessageTemplate
-> 0000002923BC9638 System.String
Found 1 unique roots (run '!gcroot -all' to see all roots).
0:000> !gcroot 000000292586f4c8
Thread 1878:
00000024C39BE4B0 00007FFA4C0B3522 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.SpinThenBlockingWait(Int32, System.Threading.CancellationToken) [/_/src/System.Private.CoreLib/shared/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2922]
rbp+10: 00000024c39be520
-> 00000024C48AD6E0 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Threading.Tasks.VoidTaskResult, System.Private.CoreLib],[Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions+<RunAsync>d__4, Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions]]
-> 00000024C48AD200 Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Internal.Host
-> 00000024C48AC538 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Logger`1[[Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Internal.Host, Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting]]
-> 00000024C48AC658 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Logger
-> 00000024C48AC680 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LoggerInformation[]
-> 00000024C48AC6E0 Serilog.Extensions.Logging.SerilogLogger
-> 00000024C48AC808 Serilog.Core.Logger
-> 00000024C48AC760 Serilog.Core.Logger
-> 00000024C47AD468 Serilog.Core.Logger
-> 00000024C47ABF08 Serilog.Core.Sinks.SafeAggregateSink
-> 00000024C47ABF20 Serilog.Core.ILogEventSink[]
-> 00000024C479C548 Serilog.Sinks.Grafana.Loki.LokiSink
-> 00000024C479C778 Serilog.Sinks.Grafana.Loki.Infrastructure.BoundedQueue`1[[Serilog.Events.LogEvent, Serilog]]
-> 00000024C479C7B8 System.Collections.Generic.Queue`1[[Serilog.Events.LogEvent, Serilog]]
-> 00000026E8C1A800 Serilog.Events.LogEvent[]
-> 0000002614BB7AC8 Serilog.Events.LogEvent
-> 0000002616D3CC40 Serilog.Events.MessageTemplate
-> 000000292586F4C8 System.String
Found 1 unique roots (run '!gcroot -all' to see all roots).
從引用鏈看,這些 object 都是通過 ??Serilog?
? 日志組件發(fā)送給 ??Grafana.Loki?
? ,通過對引用鏈對象的追蹤,我發(fā)現(xiàn) ??System.Collections.Generic.Queue?
? 有重大問題,截圖如下:
對,這個 queue 居然有 395w 的積壓,到底積壓了什么東西,可以用 ??!wdo?
? 看一下string內(nèi)容。
看樣子這是一個失敗重試,分析到這里思路大概就清晰了,就是 ??Grafana.Loki?
? 或者 ??Serilog?
? 組件出了什么問題,導(dǎo)致日志發(fā)送不到 Loki 中或者發(fā)送速度過慢,然后不斷的積壓所致,接下來把分析到的這些信息和朋友做了一個溝通,截圖如下:
三:總結(jié)
本次內(nèi)存碎片化的主要原因在于 ??Serilog?
? 對接 ??Loki?
? 的過程中產(chǎn)生的395w的queue積壓所致,但我也只能分析到這里了,至于為什么有積壓,這個還得朋友進(jìn)一步調(diào)試分析,我相信這個問題很快就能得到解決????????????
本文摘自 :https://blog.51cto.com/u