ATM and ATR:Sensing DNA damage

摘要： <正> Cellular response to genotoxic stress is a very complexprocess,and it usually starts with the “sensing” or “detection”of the DNA damage,followed by a series of events thatinclude signal transduction and activation of transcriptionfactors.The activated transcription factors induce expressionsof many genes which are involved in cellular functions suchas DNA repair,cell cycle arrest,and cell death.There havebeen extensive studies from multiple disciplines exploringthe mechanisms of cellular genotoxic responses,which haveresulted in the identification of many cellular componentsinvolved in this process,including the mitogen-activatedprotein kinases (MAPKs) cascade.Although the initialactivation of protein kinase cascade is not fully understood,human protein kinases ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia,mutated)and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) are emerging as potentialsensors of DNA damage.Current progresses in ATM/ATRresearch and related signaling pathways are discussed inthis review,in an effort to facilitate a better understandingof genotoxic stress response. （共6頁(yè)）