R&D統(tǒng)計模式創(chuàng)新及其現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的新含義

摘要： 2009年,聯(lián)合國統(tǒng)計委員會就國民經(jīng)濟(jì)核算的議題,推出了新的國際統(tǒng)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即SNA2008體系。該體系最大的修改與變化之一就是把資產(chǎn)分類做了較大調(diào)整,擴(kuò)大了資產(chǎn)邊界,其中把"無形固定資產(chǎn)"更名為"知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品",把"研究與開發(fā)(R&D)支出"納入"知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品"框架下。這個修改表明R&D支出將被作為一種長期的"固定資本形成"計入年度GDP,而不再是此前老的體系所界定的"中間投入消耗"。這一統(tǒng)計體系的新變化反映了資本化R&D對未來經(jīng)濟(jì)增長具有的創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)、科技進(jìn)步的積極作用,也較好地強調(diào)知識進(jìn)展、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動等內(nèi)生性增長的新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長理論之間在現(xiàn)實和邏輯上的一致性。目前許多國家開始相繼采用SNA2008的核算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來進(jìn)行GDP的統(tǒng)計與核算。我國現(xiàn)行的R&D統(tǒng)計體系與SNA2008中的統(tǒng)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尚存在較大差距。應(yīng)當(dāng)借鑒國際經(jīng)驗,盡快根據(jù)SNA2008體系和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來改革、完善我國R&D數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計體系,完善國民經(jīng)濟(jì)核算體系建設(shè),以此更加突出我國以科技創(chuàng)新為主體、實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的戰(zhàn)略意義。
The United Nations Statistical Commission launched SNA2008 which is new international standards of GDP statistics, characterized by the re-classification of assets and the expansion of the boundaries of assets, such as the changing of "intangible fixed assets" into "intellectual property products" and the listing of R&D expenditure under the category of intellectual property products. This means that R&D expenditure will be considered as part of GDP instead of intermediate consumption as in the previous standards. This reflects the role of capitalized R&D for economic development and scientific progress; it also shows the consistency both in practice and logic between intellectual advancement as well as innovation and the new type of economic theories. Many countries have adopted the SNA2008 system in GDP statistics. China's R&D statistical method is not fully consistent with the new standards. Reform should be carried out to adopt the new standards for GDP statistics so as to highlight the role of innovation and industrial restructuring and upgrading.