中國行業(yè)層面研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展資本存量核算

摘要： 研究目標(biāo):測算中國八大行業(yè)門類研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展(Research and Development,R&D)資本存量。研究方法:基于SNA2008的GDP核算框架,厘清R&D支出的資本化核算框架;再利用美國BEA方法測算R&D資本存量。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1990~2015年,中國R&D資本存量不到美國R&D資本存量的1/4;然而,自1994年后,中國R&D資本存量年均增長率達(dá)24.79%,而美國僅為4.86%,中美兩國R&D資本存量差距呈逐漸縮小趨勢;制造業(yè)R&D資本存量占全國R&D資本存量的比例呈上升趨勢,從1990年的17.41%增長到2015年的68.08%,這與中國加快制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的事實(shí)相符。研究創(chuàng)新:給出完整的R&D支出資本化核算過程,首次測算中國八大行業(yè)門類的R&D資本存量。研究價(jià)值:為分析技術(shù)進(jìn)步對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響提供了行業(yè)層面R&D投資和資本存量數(shù)據(jù)序列。
Research Objectives:This paper measures Research and Development(R&D)capital stock with eight grand industries in China.Research Methods:This paper establishes a R&D-expenditure capitalized framework in line with the 2008 version of the System of National Accounts;it uses methods of R&D stock measurement developed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of America to measure Chinese the R&D capital stock.Research Findings:China's R&D capital stock was less than a quarter of that of America from 1990 to 2015;however,since 1994,an annual average growth rate of China's R&D capital stock has been up to 17.06%,while that of America's capital stock 6.07% only,indicating a narrowing gap between the R&D capital stock of these two countries.The manufacturing industry has a upward trend from 17.41% in 1990 to 68.08%in 2015,which leads by the fact that China has accelerated the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry during this period.Research Innovations:This paper gives a complete process of capitalized R&D expenditure,and measures R&D capital stock with eight grand industries in China for the first time.Research Value:To analyze the impact of technological progress on economic growth,this paper provides data sequence of R&D investment and capital stock at the industry level.