臺(tái)灣地區(qū)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力吸納能力研究

摘要： 本文通過(guò)對(duì)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的產(chǎn)值結(jié)構(gòu)和就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析,主要運(yùn)用就業(yè)彈性指標(biāo)和結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度指標(biāo)揭示當(dāng)前臺(tái)灣地區(qū)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)吸納勞動(dòng)力之能力及其態(tài)勢(shì)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),臺(tái)灣地區(qū)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)比第一、二產(chǎn)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)力吸納能力強(qiáng),但其吸納勞動(dòng)力的空間趨小;占第三產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值比重較大的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)、公共行政及"國(guó)防"強(qiáng)制性社會(huì)安全業(yè)并未發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的勞動(dòng)力吸納作用。與"亞洲四小龍"中的韓國(guó)相比,臺(tái)灣地區(qū)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值結(jié)構(gòu)較優(yōu),但由于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)快速轉(zhuǎn)變、經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)停滯、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)單一、生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)比重偏低等原因,臺(tái)灣地區(qū)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)就業(yè)的拉動(dòng)作用較弱,其勞動(dòng)力吸納能力劣于韓國(guó)。
Based on the analysis of the correlation between Taiwan output value structure and its employment structure,this paper reveals the current ability and situation of Taiwan tertiary industry to absorb labor force by using employment elasticity index and structural deviation index. The study shows that the tertiary industry in Taiwan has stronger labor absorption capacity than the primary and secondary industries,but its space for absorbing labor tends to be smaller. What's more,the real estate industry,public administration and the " defense" compulsory social security industry,which account for a large proportion of the tertiary industry's output value,have not played their enough roles in absorbing labor force. Compared with South Korea,one of the " Asian Four Little Tigers",Taiwan has a better output value structure in its tertiary industry. However,due to the rapid transformation of Taiwan ' s industrial structure,the stagnation of economic growth,the unitary economic structure,and the low proportion of producer services,the tertiary industry in Taiwan has a weak pull on employment,and its labor absorption capacity is inferior to that of South Korea.