經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)如何提防和善后：奧地利學(xué)派政策的兩大審視

摘要： 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)根源于大量財(cái)富被消耗掉而致使儲(chǔ)蓄和投資不足,經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的提防和善后之策也應(yīng)由此展開。(1)為提防資源耗竭和儲(chǔ)蓄不足引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),一國(guó)需要根據(jù)其產(chǎn)品的需求市場(chǎng)審慎地引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),尤其需要有意識(shí)地限制那些以國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)為主的高級(jí)品之生產(chǎn)和投資,而征收奢侈稅則是一個(gè)重要手段。(2)為擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)爆發(fā)后因過度調(diào)整而陷入長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條,一國(guó)就不能簡(jiǎn)單地訴諸純粹市場(chǎng)機(jī)制而應(yīng)采取積極的逆向政策,尤其需要利用凱恩斯主義政策以擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)而不是聽從奧地利學(xué)派主張以增加儲(chǔ)蓄,而信用體系和信貸制度則是一個(gè)重要工具。顯然,錦標(biāo)賽制定價(jià)體系的經(jīng)濟(jì)周期理論有助于我們更清晰地洞悉經(jīng)濟(jì)變動(dòng)趨勢(shì),尤其是,它充分辨識(shí)和契合了凱恩斯主義和奧地利學(xué)派的合理成分而提出了提防和應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的更全面方略。
The economic crisis is rooted in the fact that a lot of wealth is consumed which results in insufficient savings and investment. Therefore, the policy to prevent and deal with the economic crisis should also be around it.(1) In order to beware of the economic crisis caused by the depletion of resources and the shortage of savings, a country needs to guide its products and industrial structure carefully according to the demand market of its products, especially needs to consciously restrict the production and investment of high-ranking products oriented on the domestic market, and the expropriation of luxury tax is an important means.(2) In order to get rid of the long-term economic depression because of the overadjustment of the economic crisis, a country needs to adopt positive reverse policies but not simply resort to pure market mechanism, especially needs to expand consumption by Keynesian policies rather than increase savings according to Austrian School, and credit system and credit system are the important tools.Obviously, the economic cycle theory of tournament pricing system will help us to understand the trend of economic change more clearly; especially, it fully identifies and assimilates the reasonable elements of Keynesianism and Austrian School so as to put forward a more comprehensive strategy to guard against and deal with economic crisis.