基于國民經(jīng)濟核算體系的剩余價值率計算:理論與中國經(jīng)驗

摘要： 本文結(jié)合中國國民經(jīng)濟核算的特點重新闡釋了計算剩余價值率的ST方法,并計算了中國1993-2015年的剩余價值率。本文指出ST方法中界定的次級部門,即除貿(mào)易部門以外的非生產(chǎn)部門,直接的含義是以非生產(chǎn)勞動為媒介,以費用的形式從生產(chǎn)部門轉(zhuǎn)移剩余價值的部門,其收入的性質(zhì)并非包括謝克和圖納克本人在內(nèi)的很多學(xué)者理解的"租"。本文計算的中國1993-2015年剩余價值率表明,2012年以來中國剩余價值率增長陷入停滯,將金融、商業(yè)服務(wù)等分配性次級部門和貿(mào)易部門轉(zhuǎn)移的剩余價值剔除之后呈明顯下降趨勢。對比剔除農(nóng)業(yè)和保留農(nóng)業(yè)兩種口徑下的剩余價值率可以發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)業(yè)家庭經(jīng)營對于中國非農(nóng)部門維持較高的剩余價值率,進而保持較高的經(jīng)濟增長率有重要意義。
This paper reinterprets the widely used ST method to calculate the rate of surplus value(RSV),evaluating China's RSV from 1993 to 2015.In this context,it is argued that the outcome of the secondary or non-productive sectors other than the commercial sector is the surplus value transferred from the productive sectors in the form of "expenses"through non-productive labour instead of"royalties",and not as many scholars use the method as Shaikh and Tonak suggest.RSV estimation in China between 1993 and 2015 indicates that the distributive secondary and trade sectors have transferred a higher surplus value from the productive sectors,inducing a downward trend in China's RSV retention in these sectors.Compared to the RSV under the elimination and conservation methods in the agricultural sector, it is observed that household farming is very important in maintaining a high rate of surplus value in the non-agricultural sector in China and thus it has a high rate of economic growth.