(or Molecules)The atom is primary particle which cannot be divided in a chemical reaction,but itcan be divided in the physical state. The atom consists of a nucleus and anextranuclear part,so it is a nuclear structure. The atom is the smallest unit of ane...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Positive ions,negative ions and electrons are charged particles in the plasma.Positive ions are active particles that have lost electrons through collisions,andcan be determined by the supplied energy of the ionized atom or molecule. Theenergy states can ...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Gas molecules and charged particles are constantly in thermal motion. Collisionscontinue occurring in gas mass point’s movement and the trajectory is an irregularpolyline,in which collision occurs once each turn. The thermal motion of chargedparticles in ...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    The same kind of gas in different containers,if their temperature is the same andpressure is different,when the containers link,the pressure differential willgradually disappear until the gases in different containers mixed uniformly and thepressure in th...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    When an electric field is applied in a gas,the motion of charged particles differs fromtheir random motion. In the electric field the thermal motion of the particles issuperimposed the electric field along the direction of the directional movement.This la...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Collisions between particles refer to their interaction in a variety of force fields. Thecollision is not like the direct collisions between rigid balls. If the physical state ofthe particles being affected by other particles,we can consider that these pa...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    In order to intuitively understand the collision energy transferred,wediscuss colliding of two particles in a system from the classic perspectiveTo simplify the problem,set a particle with speed v1,quality m1,colliding with theother stationary particle wi...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    2.3.3.1 Collision Cross SectionFor collisions between two rigid balls,when the distance between them is less thanor equal to their radius r1+r2,there will be a collision. Taking the respectivedirections of movement into account,generally π(r1+r2)2 is used...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    In gas discharge,elastic collisions are most prone to happen between electrons andatoms (scattering),and only a momentum exchange occurs between the particles.The charge and potential energy do not change. For electrons,only when theelectron energy is sma...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Under the effect of external factors,the electrons of an atom may transit to a higherenergy state,which is called excitation. Ionization is the phenomenon of releasingfree electrons from a neutral atom or molecule,which is the result of having certainener...[繼續(xù)閱讀]